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Cizhou Cultural Desire “inscription”
Zuozuo quietly stands of ancient kilns, wells and pools dotted with rake, porcelain mold is everywhere, “sagger” Leiqi the walls. Northern Hebei Porcelain Pengcheng, a mysterious Cizhou ceramic Shaozao center.
According to Shanghai’s Wen Wei Po reported that Cizhou site is ancient folk pottery the most extensive state-level cultural relics protection unit. More recently, Handan City, Hebei Province, made for the declaration of World Heritage Cizhou ceramic culture. This millennium folk pottery 1:00 drew the attention of many.
- The traditional process can not be in the modern production
After the founding of New China, in the industrial and commercial transformation of the individual kilns Pengcheng along the spontaneous, hand-transforming workshop all the public-private partnerships and other forms of state-owned enterprises, the traditional manual operation is eliminated factory production. This case, the Cizhou inherited hand-manufacturing process inevitably the dating crisis.
Back in 1958, the restoration of the national traditional crafts of the problem put on the agenda. Was also set up a ceramics factory art research trial, relying on old master mentoring training to-human transmission. “Ancestral rice is not so tasty”, the old artist Yan Baoshan immersed in the glorious past of the memorial in Cizhou slowly Road to: “thousands of years to form the Cizhou process of division of labor is simply too fine! From clay to a pieces of pottery came out, a total of 72 procedures, just as many as 42 craftsmen name alone, only a part of this burning need to work three shifts, there is no more than 40 individuals able to fulfill the entire process of porcelain. Moreover, not a person can be done in, the cages, mold, glaze, any one part out of the slightest problem, the whole works on the whole bad.
“This business is too personal a! Craftsmen in addition to making things, which goes also need historical and cultural accomplishment, painting skills, different levels of people to make work that can be varied, which measured the middle of moderation, by no means one-stop standardization large-scale production can be completed, so it is not so produced works of art of. ”
Is incompatible with the industrial production of traditional crafts contradictions a sharp rise day by day, culture-based ceramic products industry and the practical-type pottery has finally parted ways. In 1996, the former state-owned enterprises engaged in traditional crafts of technical personnel have a separate stove, again picked up the production of handicrafts. Now, such a family town Pengcheng cropped up dozens of workshops.
- True Antiques fraud artists to help people
Cizhou Millennium kiln fires the last batch of Rye, LIU in the count one. He said: “Heritage traffickers often come to me for them fake fake antiques, and I will reluctantly take their homework and it has become one of my source of livelihood. But to think I was a dignified Cizhou artists, which did not give up. ”
Liu Pengcheng Street, modeled after the famous porcelain, 72 processes all control, especially painted work. Early in state-owned ceramics factory Antique Porcelain operations Tiaoda Liang, two years ago excavated in the new shop site to do the salt has played a Cizhou site museums. 2 small showroom and the courtyard are several kilns in the Yuan Dynasty, Qing Dynasty – Republic of kiln sites, with them as partners, with Liu in the workshop where his son silently persisted. Hand-made products are often able to sell some, father and son’s revenues are barely enough to eat. Running around the ancient Cizhou collected physical data, his own life as the same, then the difficulties can not bear to sell. “Kiln is the classroom, porcelain piece is a teacher, fear of lost skills, I ask themselves every day to do one thing: paint a tile.”
Exchanges in Japan last year, it was out of 100,000 U.S. dollars in annual salary to buy the technology Liu, he can say whatever they refused, he said: “The sale of technology, we should allow future generations have looked on helplessly resurrection Cizhou foreigners?”
Cizhou “The Millennium Kiln Fire” swaying to the present day, only the process of transmission talent is a symbol of it is not yet extinguished. Cizhou Culture and Arts Research Association, said the Secretary-General Zhao Lichun, each working procedure is accomplished in almost merchandise in, and must be quickly these folk artists attention to the protection up to their fine production of the environment in which they passed along the art. Old artist Yan Baoshan excitedly said: “It looks like art, like hair, Sier is not important, but if broken in our hands, this responsibility we can not afford呀!”
- When to move toward a “modern product”
One side to create, produce, while still grasping the market, this pair of burden should Cizhou arts people quickly crushed.
At present, the transmission of traditional Cizhou process which the general downturn in family workshops, often only feed their families only. These artists rely on a technique for capital from scratch, the lack of capital accumulation and business minds. They less information, sales areas not open, can only rely on friends and acquaintances to know the original distribution. Some artists try to others underwriting result had been deceived and become even more cautious on the market. The ability to withstand risks due to poor little setbacks, the workshop will break down. Moreover, the Cizhou the original raw material “Daqing” the soil is shallow, few, and only twenty or thirty meters from drilling wells into underground mining land, the cost for a small kiln operators, and also can not afford.
To rescue Cizhou culture, local culture department, if it relies on the strength of their own development, and is difficult to scale. Therefore hope to draw on in the field of protection of traditional cultural industry development path of these “cultural self-employed” and the general for the purpose of self-employed earnings differential treatment to give policy support and tax support to help this old and unique cultural relics of the region as soon as possible to complete to a modern product conversion.
Let Cizhou style living in a real life, not just survive in the antiques market, only to meet the needs of nostalgia. This desire is called Cizhou children and grandchildren for many years worrying about, they suggested: to emulate the international ceramics community popular “design brand” to Cizhou packaged into a unique brand of design, production art, and daily necessities; the use of tangible cultural heritage, such as the ruins, ancient ceramic artifacts, folk and other development of local tourism products. “Protection of live specimens of rich Cizhou Tamura, only three a bricklayer, a little money, we can Weekly that ceramics in the world.” They are eagerly looking forward to a culture with those who are willing to close businesses and organizations working on brokering.
- Known why only in the overseas transmission
Masahiko Sato, Japanese ceramics expert, in his paper, wrote: “In Chinese ceramics, the Cizhou ceramics may be the Japanese favorite. This is because it is full of a kind of Guzhuo Zhenhan breath.”
As early as the Yuan Dynasty, the King of Thailand to see most of the Yuan Dynasty emperors, there was a proposed Cizhou invited to Thailand to teach skills with the potters. In Japan, Korea, Malaysia, India, Iran, Iraq, Egypt and other places, are unearthed over Cizhou white make-up tiles. Study confirmed that painted Korea and other Korean, Japanese ceramics Cizhou directly mimics the black flower of white glaze decoration techniques.
Almost all the major museums in foreign countries, possession of Cizhou Song porcelain. As early as 30 years in the 20th century began Cizhou study, are gradually make up for the academic community for this lack of well-known Chinese kilns textual shortcomings.
In recent years, a new wave of Cizhou heat off abroad to study Cizhou publication and the publication of numerous books published worldwide emergence of a large number of Cizhou expert to study the rapid progress. Japan, Canada, the United States there are numerous Cizhou researchers, collectors attracted to the vicinity of inspection Pengcheng.
In 2002, Japan Osaka City Museum of Art curator of Mino Feng observation, right Cizhou art amazed, then organized into a series of Cizhou Department of products, was held in Osaka, a period of 3 months of the “Osaka Autumn” Cizhou Department of products exhibition, an event for overseas cultural exchanges.
In contrast, however, most domestic researchers Cizhou the study is still in the spontaneous stage. In the Cizhou the birthplace and center of cultural Handan area, due to financial and other constraints, many research results not yet available. Engaged in research and development Cizhou culture is there, Houjifaren.
On the other hand, the distribution of some of Cizhou scattered sites, often mines, canals and houses are occupied, and sometimes also by the excavation damage. Despite the efforts made by the local government, cultural relics protection and development status are still to many experts and tourists come here and go live to regret.
Palaeomagnetism Zaohen pass civil society, kiln fire has been the Millennium. Cizhou calling out the ancient culture: Do not let “Cizhou” degradation may be merely one shriveled ceramic dictionaries term bar!
- The introduction of charmed Millennium kilns
Cizhou the center of the history of this production area is located near the city of Handan, Hebei Province, located in Fengfeng Peng mining towns in the vicinity of the town of Cixian view of Taiwan, because this area is in history has the government of Henan Akinori Cizhou, Zhili Quang Binh House Cizhou So, here the production of Ceramic Kilns are called Cizhou.
Cizhou system originated in the north of the craft tradition of the Tang Dynasty, the famous kilns in the Song Dynasty to become a tremendously popular. The same period of the Song with its well-known department five kilns are kilns, Ru, Ge Yao, Ding, GUANYAO are kiln, while the Cizhou kilns have been unearthed in large quantities are specialized non-governmental fired ceramics for daily use pure kilns.
As the kilns have to face market competition and affordable demand that Cizhou porcelain clay materials in the Cu Ci out of the kiln to create the most extensive decorative changes. Its unique style is the first tire on the facilities in the clay layer of bone white “make-up” the soil and then cover a layer of transparent glaze, underglaze painted in enamel on the theme of a rich artistic adornment, of which white, black flowers (rust flower), the most famous black glaze kiln, which broke through the five of the popular single-glaze kiln restrictions, to create a rough effect, especially rich in life atmosphere, loved the people.
Since the Song Dynasty so far, Cizhou mass production throughout the centuries. Until the Qing Dynasty Kangxi, Yongzheng and dry 3 North Korea, people are still recorded in local history, “Jing south, north Pengcheng” reputation, the Republic of China once there is “a thousand miles Pengcheng, Rijindoujin” the grand occasion.
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